Transportation of Refrigerated Natural Gas.

Optimization of natural gas pipeline transportation using ant colony optimization

In this paper, an Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (ACO) is proposed for operations of steady flow gas pipeline. The system is composed of compressing stations linked by pipe legs. The decisions variables are chosen to be the operating turbo compressor number and the discharge pressure for each compressing station. The objective function is the power consumed in the system by these stations. U...

International Natural Gas sale and Transportation Contracts and the point of contractual risk transfer upon CISG (Vienna1980)

Determining where the risk of contractual responsibility transfers in  international sale and transportation of gas contracts is very important in these wells and parties’ of these contracts, additionally the way of distributing the risk and the point it transfers influences contractual and financial position of the contract parties’.In transportation projects that natural gas is carried by pip...

Predictive Control of Gas Injection in Natural Gas Transport Networks

The present sought to draw a comparison between Model Predictive Control performance and two other controllers named Simple PI and Selective PI in controlling large-scale natural gas transport networks. A nonlinear dynamic model of representative gas pipeline was derived from pipeline governing rules and simulated in SIMULINK® environment of MATLAB®. Control schemes were designed to provide a s...

Criteria for selection of components for surrogates of natural gas and transportation fuels q

The present paper addressed the production of soot precursors, acetylene, benzene and higher aromatics, by the paraffinic (n-, iso-, and cyclo-) and aromatic components in fuels. To this end, a normal heptane mechanism compiled from sub-models in the literature was extended to large normal-, iso-, and cyclo-paraffins by assigning generic rates to reactions involving paraffins, olefins, and alky...

Analysis of Policies Aimed at Increasing Use of Natural Gas in the Transportation System